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Without letting loose this opportunity, Hari Hara Rayalu and
Bukkarayalu began to expand their kingdoms with a view to revive
and rehabilitate Hindu Religion. At the behest of Vidyaranya,
they built Vidyanagar in 1336 A: D., as capital and while Hari Hara
Raya was effectively administering the kingdom, Bukkaraya under
the able guidance of his minister Madhava extended the kingdom
as far as the sea on the east. This expansion has furnished suffi-
cient power and financial stability. By then, on the west, the
Hoyisala kingdom under the 3rd Ballala became an impediment to
the growth of the Vijayanagar empire on account of its stabillty
and expansion. So Bukkaraya gradually began to invade the
Hoyisala kingdom. In 1340 A. D. he could annex the Kukka-
lanadu region, to his Raj. But Ballala reconquered it and protec-
ted his kingdom till 1342 A. D. when in the war he waged against the
Sultan of Madhura and Ballala III died at the hands of Ghiya-
juddin during his raid against Tiruchirapalli. Being aware of
this unprotected state of the Hoyisala Raj, Bukkarayalu, then ru-
ling over Udayagiri and Gutti invaded and conquered the fort at
Penugonda. Gradually even by the next year, he subdued Hosa-
patnam and Dwara Samudram and the Mulbagal region in the
Kolar District and also drove away Ballala IV from the Hoyisala
and annexed it to the Vijayanagar empire. He appointed his own
son Kumara Kamparaya as Governor of the Kolar region with
Mulbagal as Capital. Even an year back, Harihararaya with the
assistance of his brother Maraparayalu occupied the entire region
between Dharwar and Gokarnam (Middle portion of the Karnatic
known as Banvasi Raj) merged it in his Vijayanagara empire. In
1345 A.D. Bukkaraya also conquered Tulunadu. With this, Vijaya-
nagara empire extended from Pakanadu on the east to Konkan and
Tulu on the west and the emperors were characterised as the over-