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INTRODUCTION
41
Delhi Empire in the distant Madhurai. This Viceroyalty
lasted a decade, i.e., till 1334. In 1333 taking advantage
of the distance that separated Delhi and Madhurai, one
Jalal-Uddin Ahsan Shah put an end to the Viceroyalty
and became the independent ruler of Madhurai. His
rule lasted for five years and he was succeeded by a
number of Sultans, the chief among them being
Ghaiyas-uddin Damghani at one time trooper in
the service of Malik Majur Abu Raja, the Commandar
of the Imperial Army stationed in Devagiri.⁹
The Muslim rule lasted for forty-eight years in
Madhurai i.e., between 1323 and 1371.¹⁰ The sufferings
of the people, especially non-Muslims during the period
have been described by both Hindu and Muslim
historians. One has only to read the frightful accounts
of Ibn Batuta, the Moorish traveller¹¹ and the Madhura-
8. For an account of the history of the Sultanate of Madura see
Dr. S. K. Iyengar: South India and Her Muhammadan Invaders.
Also Dr. N. Venkataramanayya's Ma'bar from 1323 to 1317 (J. M. U.)
The author is of the opinion that nothing can be said definitely about
the period of the Muslim Viceroyalty in Madhurai. But he says: "Though
no information is available about the governors of Ma'bar contempo-
rary evidence, both historical and epigraphical, bears ample testimony
to the continuity of Muhammad Tughlak's rule in Ma'bar up to 1334."
(Cf. Ma'bar, p. 42).
The Maduraittalavaralāru (see App. E. to Sri R. Satyanatha Iyer's
Nayaks of Madura, p. 373) is not dependable. It gives of course the
names of the governors of Madura but as Dr. N. Venkataramanayya
remarks is not possible to accept these names and dates as genuine.
9. Dr. S. K. Iyengar, South India and Her Muhammadan Invaders.
Even Ibn Batuta admits that Ghysud-d-din was the worst tyrant.
10. Dr. N. Venkataramanayya: Ma'bar (J.M.U.) also the Pandyan
Chronicle. According to it the Muslim rule lasted forty-eight years.
"From the year Salivahana (Säka 1246-1323-24) the Muhammadan
ruled the kingdom (Vol. I of Tayllor, p. 35).
11. K. A. Nilakantasastri: Foreign Notices: also Briggs: Ferishta's
Mahomedan Power-Vol. I, pp. 347-352. Also Elliot and Dowson, Vol.
II-Barni's Tarikh-i-Firoz-Shahi, pp. 184-185. Extracts from both have
been given above.
6
INTRODUCTION
41
Delhi Empire in the distant Madhurai. This Viceroyalty
lasted a decade, i.e., till 1334. In 1333 taking advantage
of the distance that separated Delhi and Madhurai, one
Jalal-Uddin Ahsan Shah put an end to the Viceroyalty
and became the independent ruler of Madhurai. His
rule lasted for five years and he was succeeded by a
number of Sultans, the chief among them being
Ghaiyas-uddin Damghani at one time trooper in
the service of Malik Majur Abu Raja, the Commandar
of the Imperial Army stationed in Devagiri.⁹
The Muslim rule lasted for forty-eight years in
Madhurai i.e., between 1323 and 1371.¹⁰ The sufferings
of the people, especially non-Muslims during the period
have been described by both Hindu and Muslim
historians. One has only to read the frightful accounts
of Ibn Batuta, the Moorish traveller¹¹ and the Madhura-
8. For an account of the history of the Sultanate of Madura see
Dr. S. K. Iyengar: South India and Her Muhammadan Invaders.
Also Dr. N. Venkataramanayya's Ma'bar from 1323 to 1317 (J. M. U.)
The author is of the opinion that nothing can be said definitely about
the period of the Muslim Viceroyalty in Madhurai. But he says: "Though
no information is available about the governors of Ma'bar contempo-
rary evidence, both historical and epigraphical, bears ample testimony
to the continuity of Muhammad Tughlak's rule in Ma'bar up to 1334."
(Cf. Ma'bar, p. 42).
The Maduraittalavaralāru (see App. E. to Sri R. Satyanatha Iyer's
Nayaks of Madura, p. 373) is not dependable. It gives of course the
names of the governors of Madura but as Dr. N. Venkataramanayya
remarks is not possible to accept these names and dates as genuine.
9. Dr. S. K. Iyengar, South India and Her Muhammadan Invaders.
Even Ibn Batuta admits that Ghysud-d-din was the worst tyrant.
10. Dr. N. Venkataramanayya: Ma'bar (J.M.U.) also the Pandyan
Chronicle. According to it the Muslim rule lasted forty-eight years.
"From the year Salivahana (Säka 1246-1323-24) the Muhammadan
ruled the kingdom (Vol. I of Tayllor, p. 35).
11. K. A. Nilakantasastri: Foreign Notices: also Briggs: Ferishta's
Mahomedan Power-Vol. I, pp. 347-352. Also Elliot and Dowson, Vol.
II-Barni's Tarikh-i-Firoz-Shahi, pp. 184-185. Extracts from both have
been given above.
6