2023-03-30 07:32:20 by ramamurthys
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<headword>अनुमान</headword>
अनुमानम् Anumānam : Poetical Inference :
The word anumāna (anu √mā ana <anat) means an inference, con-
clusion, reasoning, guess, conjecture etc. In Nyaya system of philoso-
phy, it is one of the four means of obtaining knowledge (ie
pratyakṣa, anumāna, upamāna and śābda).
In logical inference knowledge about something is obtained
through the knowledge of some other thing which is connected
with the former by any kind of mutual relation, for example, pres-
ence of fire is inferred from the sight of smoke. Needless to say that
any logical inference does not come under the perview of this fig-
ure. As a figure of speech anumāna is a kind of poetic inference
established by proof expressed in a striking manner by the poet.
This figure was first conceived by Rudraṭa and recognised by most
of the rhetoricians. Anumāna is basically different from
Arthāntaranyāsa (Corroboration) and Kāvyalinga (Poetical Cause).
eg 1. asti kiñcid yadanayā / māṃ vilokya smitaṃ manāk.
अस्ति किंचिद् यदनया / मां विलोक्य स्मितं मनाक् ।
There is something in her heart
Because looking at me she smiled apart.
Definitions
हेतोः साध्यावगमेऽनुमानम् । का. ६।२३
यत्र बलीय: कारणमालोक्याभूतमेव भूतमिति ।
भावीति वा तथान्यत् कथ्यते तदन्यदनुमानम् ॥ रुका. ७.५६, ५६
वस्तु परोक्षं यस्मिन् साध्यमुपन्यस्य साधकं तस्य ।
पुनरन्यदुपन्यस्येद्विपरीतं चैतदनुमानम् ॥
लिङ्गदर्शनाल्लिङ्गिज्ञानमनुमानम् । स्रृ. १०
अनुमानं तदुक्तं यत् साध्यसाधनयोर्वचः । का. प्र. १०.११७
साध्यसाधननिर्देशोऽनुमानम् । अ. स. ५६
प्रत्यक्षाल्लिङ्गतो यत्र कालत्रितयवर्तिनः ।
लिङ्गिनो भवति ज्ञानमनुमानं तदुच्यते ॥ वा. ४.१३८
हेतोः साध्यावगमोऽनुमानम् । हे. का. ६।२३
अनुमानं च कार्यादेः कारणाद्यवधारणम् । च. ५.३६
अनुमतमनुमानमिदं यत्र स्तः साध्यसाधने कथिते । ए. ८
अनुमानम् Anumānam : Poetical Inference :
The word anumāna (anu √mā ana <anat) means an inference, con-
clusion, reasoning, guess, conjecture etc. In Nyaya system of philoso-
phy, it is one of the four means of obtaining knowledge (ie
pratyakṣa, anumāna, upamāna and śābda).
In logical inference knowledge about something is obtained
through the knowledge of some other thing which is connected
with the former by any kind of mutual relation, for example, pres-
ence of fire is inferred from the sight of smoke. Needless to say that
any logical inference does not come under the perview of this fig-
ure. As a figure of speech anumāna is a kind of poetic inference
established by proof expressed in a striking manner by the poet.
This figure was first conceived by Rudraṭa and recognised by most
of the rhetoricians. Anumāna is basically different from
Arthāntaranyāsa (Corroboration) and Kāvyalinga (Poetical Cause).
eg 1. asti kiñcid yadanayā / māṃ vilokya smitaṃ manāk.
अस्ति किंचिद् यदनया / मां विलोक्य स्मितं मनाक् ।
There is something in her heart
Because looking at me she smiled apart.
Definitions
हेतोः साध्यावगमेऽनुमानम् । का. ६।२३
भावीति वा तथान्यत् कथ्यते तदन्यदनुमानम् ॥ रुका. ७.५६, ५६
पुनरन्यदुपन्यस्येद्विपरीतं चैतदनुमानम् ॥
लिङ्गदर्शनाल्लिङ्गिज्ञानमनुमानम् । स्रृ. १०
साध्यसाधननिर्देशोऽनुमानम् । अ. स. ५६
लिङ्गिनो भवति ज्ञानमनुमानं तदुच्यते ॥ वा. ४.१३८
हेतोः साध्यावगमोऽनुमानम् । हे. का. ६।२३
अनुमतमनुमानमिदं यत्र स्तः साध्यसाधने कथिते । ए. ८