Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric /65

Adhikam: Exceeding
 
(i) between two objects (ie ādhāra and ādheya or the con-

tainer and the contained) one surpasses the other in

volume,
 

(ii) a cause produces effects which are basically opposite to

each other or which give rise to things from which

mutually opposite actions are found to emerge.
 

 
It should be noted that the statement of the excess or surpass-

ing of one by the other (as portrayed in the figure) is not a matter

of fact reality but happens due to poetic fancy through which some

sort of excellence is added to the object of description.Adhika was

first recognised by Rudrata and subsequently discussed by

Mammațṭa, Jayadeva, Vidyānātha, Appayya and Jagannātha. But

Bhoja observes that it is in no way different from Virodha,

(Contradiction) and he includes Adhika, Vişṣama and Asangati in

Virodha. Visvanātha tries to establish slight difference between

Adhika and Vişamaṣama . He observes that the present figure differs

from Vişṣama on the consideration that in the former two things

though mutually related differ widely while, in the latter, the

things are independent and incongrous.
 

 
eg 1. giram aviṣayo rājan/vistāras tava cetasaḥ

sāvakāsśatayā yatra/ śete viśvāśrayo hariḥ.

 
गिरामविषयो राजन् / विस्तारस्तव चेतसः ।

सावकाशतया यत्र / शेते विश्वाश्रयो हरिः ॥
 
9
 

 
O King, the expanse of thy mind is beyond description even;

Having full space Hari, the resort of the universe, lies therein.
 

 
Here the king has been eulogised for the magnification of his

heart where even the Lord, the omnipresent, the all-pervading, has

got his resort. In comparison to the vastnees of the Almighty the

heart of a human being (here the king) is quite insignificantly

small. But the poet, in order to magnify the greatness of the king's

heart, fancifully glorifies it in this way.
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN