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180
 
A Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric
 
एकत्र विषये व्यक्तमुभयालंकृतिर्यदि
 

तदापर: संकर: स्यादिति विविध एव सः ॥ अ-कौ. ३१७-३१९

एकमपेक्ष्यान्यस्य प्रादुर्भावे तु संकरः प्रोक्तः ॥

साधकबाधकमानाभावाच्चैकस्य निर्णयाभावे ।

एकपदाच्छब्दार्थालंकृत्योरवगन्तव्यः ॥ अ-कौ. ६४-६५
 
44

 
<headword>सम</headword>
 
समम्
Samam : Equal :
 

 
Sama (otherwise called Saāmya) is just the opposite of Visama
ṣama
(unequal). As a figure of speech Sama implies some sort of connec-

tion or link between two things which are mutually equal due to

their fitness. Here fitness signifies that the things likened together

are either equally good or bad. This figure may also be a case of

Upamā (Simile) or Rūpaka (Metaphor), but such a statement as we

find in Sama bears a special charm of its own due to cleverness of

the poetic expression, and therefore, it is separately recognised as
a different alam

a different alaṃ
kāra.
 

 
Most of the rhetoricians admit that Sama is the expression of

union of two equal things which bear similarity due to their mutual

status. But Vāgbhaṭa, on the contrary, defines Sama as a link

between worthy and unworthy things due to their mutual <flag>propri-
ety

ety</flag>
. Bhoja remarks that in Saāmya similitude between two different

things is revealed due to cleverness of statement and such clever-

ness or dexterity comes through various ways, namely
 

(i) resemblance of the two,
 

(ii) superiority of either of the two,
 

(iii) inferiority of either of the two,
 

(iv) both resemblance and superiority of the two.
 

eg 1. tad vaktram yadi mudritā śaşśikathā taccet smitam kā sudhā.
taccs

tacca
kṣur yadi hārita kuvalayais tās ced giro dhim ś ced giro dhiṅmadhu.

dhik kandarpa-dhanur bhruvau ca yadi te kim va bahu brūmahe

tat satyam punar-ukta-vastu-vimu kḥ sargakramo vedhasaḥ.

तद्वक्त्रं यदि मुद्रिता शशिकथा तच्चेत् स्मितं का सुधा

तच्चक्षुर्यदि हारितं कुवलयैस्ताश्चेद् गिरो धिङ् मधु ।
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN