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148
A Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric
fadh: Vitarkaḥ: Rhetoric Argument :
vi tarka literally means logic, agrument, debate, reasoning etc. In the
science of logic, it is termed üha that stands between doubt and
ascertainment. As a figure of speech Vitarka consists in considering
one thing through various alternatives which are equal in merit. In
different stages of philosophical argumentation, vitarka is one of
the stages of logical approach to be followed for the establishment
of the truth. Those who do not accept Vitarka as a separate figure
include it under Sandeha, Samsaya or Sambhāvanā.
Any matter-of-fact argument has nothing to do with this figure
of speech since such an expression is devoid of any kind of poetic
beauty. For example: sthāṇur vā, puruṣo vā. Is it a pillar or a
man? Vitarka is twofold:
(i) argument finally reaching to a conclusion with
ascertainment (nirnayanta) and
only argument without any conclusion
(anirnayānta).
(ii)
-
eg 1. svapno nu māyā nu matibhramo nu!
स्वप्नो नु माया नु मतिभ्रमो नु ।
Is it a dream! an illusion! or mental delusion!
2. kim induḥ kim padmam kimu mukura-bimbam kimu mukham
madana-vāṇau kimu dṛśau.
kanaka-kalaśau vā kucau
kimabje kim minau kimu
khagau vā gucchau và
taḍit vā tārā vā kanaka-latikā vā kim abalā.
fanfur: for usi fany yerfari fany yea4।
किमब्जे किं मीनौ किमु मदनवाणौ किमु दृशौ ।
खगौ वा गुच्छौ वा कनककलशौ वा कुचौ
तडिद् वा तारा वा कनकलतिका वा किमबला ॥
Is this the moon, a lotus, reflection in a mirror or the face?
Is this a pair of lotuses or fishes, arrows of Cupid or eyes?
Are they swans, flower bunches, golden pots or breasts of a female?
Is this a lightning flash, a star, a golden creeper or a damsel?
Digitized by
Here we find some argument or debate for several alternatives
nicely selected by the poet while describing the beautiful features
of the lady (ie her face, eyes, breasts as well as the entire figure).
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
A Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric
fadh: Vitarkaḥ: Rhetoric Argument :
vi tarka literally means logic, agrument, debate, reasoning etc. In the
science of logic, it is termed üha that stands between doubt and
ascertainment. As a figure of speech Vitarka consists in considering
one thing through various alternatives which are equal in merit. In
different stages of philosophical argumentation, vitarka is one of
the stages of logical approach to be followed for the establishment
of the truth. Those who do not accept Vitarka as a separate figure
include it under Sandeha, Samsaya or Sambhāvanā.
Any matter-of-fact argument has nothing to do with this figure
of speech since such an expression is devoid of any kind of poetic
beauty. For example: sthāṇur vā, puruṣo vā. Is it a pillar or a
man? Vitarka is twofold:
(i) argument finally reaching to a conclusion with
ascertainment (nirnayanta) and
only argument without any conclusion
(anirnayānta).
(ii)
-
eg 1. svapno nu māyā nu matibhramo nu!
स्वप्नो नु माया नु मतिभ्रमो नु ।
Is it a dream! an illusion! or mental delusion!
2. kim induḥ kim padmam kimu mukura-bimbam kimu mukham
madana-vāṇau kimu dṛśau.
kanaka-kalaśau vā kucau
kimabje kim minau kimu
khagau vā gucchau và
taḍit vā tārā vā kanaka-latikā vā kim abalā.
fanfur: for usi fany yerfari fany yea4।
किमब्जे किं मीनौ किमु मदनवाणौ किमु दृशौ ।
खगौ वा गुच्छौ वा कनककलशौ वा कुचौ
तडिद् वा तारा वा कनकलतिका वा किमबला ॥
Is this the moon, a lotus, reflection in a mirror or the face?
Is this a pair of lotuses or fishes, arrows of Cupid or eyes?
Are they swans, flower bunches, golden pots or breasts of a female?
Is this a lightning flash, a star, a golden creeper or a damsel?
Digitized by
Here we find some argument or debate for several alternatives
nicely selected by the poet while describing the beautiful features
of the lady (ie her face, eyes, breasts as well as the entire figure).
Original from
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN