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extended denotation) are the varieties of Vakroktiḥ Innuendo
 
. So, according to
Vāmana's version, Vakrokti may be broadly identified with English
Metaphor. Thus we can say that any metaphorical
extended denotation) are the varieties of pression is
Vakrokti. So, according to
Vāmana's version, Vakrokti may be broadly identifie
it is the essence of poetry and with English
Metaphor. Thu
out it no poetry is we can say that any metaphorical expression is
Vakrokti, it is the essence of poetry and without it no poetry is worthy
orthy
of its name. Kuntaka, in his Vakrokti-jiīvita (or Vakrokti, the soul of

poetry), has given it the foremost position in the realm of literary

criticism and by his scholastic approach established that all poetic

devices known as alamkāra (figures of speech), guna (literary excel-

lences), riīti (stylistic diction), lakṣanā (extended denotation), vyañjanā

(suggestive meaning) are nothing but innumerable varieties of

Vakrokti. For example, Anuprāsa (Alliteration), according to him, is a

kind of artistic syllabic pattern (varṇa-vinyāsa-vakratā); all figures

based on meaning (artha-alamkāras) are nothing but upacaāra-vakratā

(ie stylistic expression based on denotative or connotative sense).

Abhinavagupta has sometimes used the term vakrokti as synony-
mous to alam

mous to alaṃ
kāra. Daṇḍin made two broad groups of figures of

sense (artha-alamkāras)--svabhāva-ukti (natural expression) and

vakra-ukti (stylistic expression), while Bhoja gives one more divi-

sion, besides these two, which is called rasa-ukti (suggestive poetry).

But it is Bhaāmaha who first hinted that vakrokti stands as the basic

principle of figurative speech, and he also declares that suvabhāvokti

(natural description) is no alamkāra at all. Last of all Kuntaka estab-

lished the theory of vakrokti and used it in the widest sense of the

term denoting all types of poetic art of language and beauty of

expression. Rudrata, Mammața, Visvanatha and others treated it
śvanātha and others treated it
simply as a figure of speech and thus made its scope very limited.

According to them, Vakrokti is either a figure of word or meaning.

Mammata and his followers explain that any poetic expression used

in one sense by the speaker and then accepted in a different sense

through pun or change of tone by the hearer is called Vakrokti.

Keśavamiśra says that it is no other than Väākovākya.
 
-
 

 
eg 1. smṛtā bhavati tāpāya / dṛṣṭā conmādakāriņi.
ṇī,
spṛṣṭā bhavati mohāya / sā nāma dayitā katham.
 

स्मृता भवति तापाय / दृष्टा चोन्मादकारिणी ।

स्पृष्टा भवति मोहाय / सा नाम दयिता कथम् ॥
 
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN