2023-03-30 14:37:43 by ramamurthys
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and illustrates ten varieties of it. Bhāmaha gives only five varieties,
while Daṇḍin enumerates as many as sixty two types. Bhaṭṭi has
given twenty two verses to illustrate the same number of divisions.
Agnipurāṇa mentions ten principal varieties and admits countless
minor varieties. Ruyyaka declares eighty seven classes of Yamaka in
total. Rudraṭa admits that yamaka is countless and also advises that
it should be applied profusely in classics by the epic poets.
In the nineth canto of the Raghuvaṃśa, Kālidāsa has exhibited
his skill in yamaka composition in sixty four successive verses.
Excepting this the poet shows nowhere any deliberate attempt to
delineate such a grandeur of poetic figures so openly. Perhaps, this
is the first attempt where Kālidāsa stands as the pioneer for the
later Sanskrit poets of a rhetorical pattern which was fully devel-
oped within a few centuries. Following his footsteps a good num-
ber of Sanskrit poets composed complete yamaka poems which are
typical specimens of second or third grade poetry.
eg 1. sa me samāsamo māsaḥ sa me māsasamā samā.
yo yātayā tayo yāti yā yātyātayā tayā.
स मे समासमो मासः स मे माससमा समा ।
यो यातया तयो याति या यात्यातया तया ॥
That month seems to me a year,
Which passes when my love is gone;
That year seems to me a month,
Which fades after her return.
Definitions
भिन्नार्थैकरूपा च वर्णसंघातावृत्तिर्यमकम् । श्रृ. १०
भिन्नार्थैकरूपाया याऽवृत्तिर्वर्णसंहतेः ।
अव्यपेतव्ययेतात्मा यमकं तन्निगद्यते ॥ सं. २.५८
अर्थे सत्यर्थभिन्नानां वर्णानां या पुनः श्रुतिर्यमकम् ॥ का. प्र. ११७
स्वरव्यञ्जनसमुदायपौनरुक्त्यं यमकम् । अ. स. ६
सत्यर्थेऽन्यार्थानां वर्णानां श्रुतिक्रमैक्ये यमकम् । हे. का. १०6
इदमेव स्वरसहितं व्यञ्जनसमुदायमाश्रितं यमकम् । ए. ३.४
यमकं पौनरुक्त्ये स्वरव्यञ्जनयुग्मयोः । प्र. य. ३४२
while Daṇḍin enumerates as many as sixty two types. Bhaṭṭi has
given twenty two verses to illustrate the same number of divisions.
Agnipurāṇa mentions ten principal varieties and admits countless
minor varieties. Ruyyaka declares eighty seven classes of Yamaka in
total. Rudraṭa admits that yamaka is countless and also advises that
it should be applied profusely in classics by the epic poets.
In the nineth canto of the Raghuvaṃśa, Kālidāsa has exhibited
his skill in yamaka composition in sixty four successive verses.
Excepting this the poet shows nowhere any deliberate attempt to
delineate such a grandeur of poetic figures so openly. Perhaps, this
is the first attempt where Kālidāsa stands as the pioneer for the
later Sanskrit poets of a rhetorical pattern which was fully devel-
oped within a few centuries. Following his footsteps a good num-
ber of Sanskrit poets composed complete yamaka poems which are
typical specimens of second or third grade poetry.
eg 1. sa me samāsamo māsaḥ sa me māsasamā samā.
yo yātayā tayo yāti yā yātyātayā tayā.
स मे समासमो मासः स मे माससमा समा ।
यो यातया तयो याति या यात्यातया तया ॥
That month seems to me a year,
Which passes when my love is gone;
That year seems to me a month,
Which fades after her return.
Definitions
भिन्नार्थैकरूपा च वर्णसंघातावृत्तिर्यमकम् । श्रृ. १०
भिन्नार्थैकरूपाया याऽवृत्तिर्वर्णसंहतेः ।
अव्यपेतव्ययेतात्मा यमकं तन्निगद्यते ॥ सं. २.५८
सत्यर्थेऽन्यार्थानां वर्णानां श्रुतिक्रमैक्ये यमकम् । हे. का. १०6
यमकं पौनरुक्त्ये स्वरव्यञ्जनयुग्मयोः । प्र. य. ३४२