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Yamakam: Non-and illustrates ten varieties of it. Borrower
 
and illustrates ten
hāmaha givarieties of it. Bhämaha ges only fives only fi ve varieties,

while Daṇḍin enumerates as many as sixty two types. Bhaṭṭi has

given twenty two verses to illustrate the same number of divisions.

Agnipurāṇa mentions ten principal varieties and admits countless

minor varieties. Ruyyaka declares eighty seven classes of Yamaka in

total. Rudraţa admits that yamaka is countless and also advises that

it should be applied profusely in classics by the epic poets.
 

 
In the nineth canto of the Raghuvamśa, Kālidāsa has exhibited

his skill in yamaka composition in sixty four successive verses.

Excepting this the poet shows nowhere any deliberate attempt to

delineate such a grandeur of poetic figures so openly. Perhaps, this

is the first attempt where Kālidāsa stands as the pioneer for the

later Sanskrit poets of a rhetorical pattern which was fully devel-

oped within a few centuries. Following his footsteps a good num-

ber of Sanskrit poets composed complete yamaka poems which are

typical specimens of second or third grade poetry.
 

 
eg 1. sa me samāsamo māsaḥ sā me māsasamā samā.
yo yatayā tayā yāti yā yāṭyayātayā tayā.
 
a me māsasamā samā.
yo yātayā tayo yāti yā yātyātayā tayā.
 
स मे समासमो मासः स मे माससमा समा
 

यो यातया तयो याति या यात्यातया तया ॥

 
That month seems to me a year,

Which passes when my love is gone;

That year seems to me a month,

Which fades after her return.
 
131
 

 
Definitions
 

 
भिन्नार्थैकरूपा च वर्णसंघातावृत्तिर्यमकम् । श्रृ. १०

 
भिन्नार्थैकरूपाया याऽवृत्तिर्वर्णसंहतेः ।

अव्यपेतव्ययेतात्मा यमकं तन्निगद्यते ॥ सं. २.५८

 
अर्थे सत्यर्थभिन्नानां वर्णानां या पुनः श्रुतिर्यमकम् ॥ का. प्र. ११७

 
स्वरव्यञ्जनसमुदायपौनरुक्त्यं यमकम् । अ. स. ६

 
सत्यर्थेऽन्यार्थानां वर्णानां श्रुतिक्रमैक्ये यमकम् । हे. का. १०6

 
इदमेव स्वरसहितं व्यञ्जनसमुदायमाश्रितं यमकम् । ए. ३.४

यमकं पौनरुक्त्ये स्वरव्यञ्जनयुग्मयोः । प्र. य. ३४२
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN