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A Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric
 
तं परिणामं द्विविधं कथयन्त्यारोप्यमाणरूपतया ।

परिणमति यत्र विषयः प्रस्तुतकार्योपयोगाय ॥ ए. ८१७

 
आरोप्यमाणमारोपविषयात्मतया स्थितम् ।

 
प्रकृतस्योपयोगित्वात् परिणाम उदाहृतः । प. य ३७७

 
विषयात्मतयारोप्ये प्रकृतार्थोपयोगिनि ।

परिणामो भवेत् ॥ सा. १०
 

 
आरोप्यमाणस्य प्रकृतोपयोगित्वे परिणामः । चि.

 
परिणाम: कियार्थश्चेद् विषयी विषयात्मना । कु. ६.२१

 
विषयी यत्र विषयात्मतयैव प्रकृते प्रकृतोपयोगी न स्वातन्त्र्येण स परिणामः । र. २
 
ufi
 
<headword>परिसंख्या</headword>
 
परिसंख्या Parisamṃkhyā : Exclusive Specification:
 

 
The word parisamṃkhyā (pari samṃ √khyā a<ach ā <tap) literally means

enumeration, totality, exclusion, limitation etc. Here the prefix pari

denotes exclusion, and samṃkhyā means enumeration or limitation. In

the science of rhetoric, Parisanṃkhyā is a figure where, with or with-

out query, something is positively asserted for the denial,

expressed or implied, of something similar to it.
 

 
In Mimāmṃsā philosophy and Dharmaśāstraṣs, parīsamṃkhyā is a tech-

nical term. Three terms are closely related there. These are vidhi,
niyama and parisan
niyama and parisaṃkhyā. Vidhi gives pure injunction about something,

which is not known from any other source; niyama is a rule or precept

that specifies something which would be optional in case any specific

rule is absent; parisamṃkhyā is restriction to one out of many expressly

mentioned. In Mīmāmṃsā, parisamṃkhyaā denotes specific exclusion or

limitation to that which is enumerated or expressly mentioned, so

that everything else is excluded. So it is ultimately opposed to vidhi

that sets some injunction or rule for the first time, and also to niyama

that gives restriction to the choice for an alternative.
 

 
In the figure Parisamṃkhyā, special mention of the thing asserted

at the exclusion of such similar things may or may not be preceded

by a question, and the thing or things to be excluded may be

explicitly stated or implied. Parisaṇṃkhyā as a figure gives special

charm to the diction. In Sanskrit poetry, this figure has created
 
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