Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric /161

Parinnāmaḥ : Commutation
 
ent) becomes totally identified with the subject of discussion (ie

the upameya, the subject in hand). The name of the figure is

Pariņṇāma because the object superimposed on the subject is

exchanged for the quality of the subject of superimposition.
 

 
Pariņṇāma is slightly different from Rūpaka (Metaphor). In

Rūpaka, the subject of discussion (ie upameya) becomes absolutely

identical with the upamāna while in Pariņṇāma, the non-referent (ie

upamāna) becomes superimposed on the thing under discussion,

or more simply the topic of discussion surrenders its own identity

to the qualities of some other thing with which the former has

been taken for comparison. Pariņṇāma is twofold on the basis of

appositional and non-appositional character.
 

 
eg 1. prasannena.dr dṛgabjena viīkṣyate madirekṣaṇā.

प्रसन्नेन दृगब्जेन वीक्ष्यते मदिरेक्षणा ।
 

 
Through the calm and quite lotus-eyes

Is noticed the girl of amorous looks.
 

 
2. apāre samṃsāre viṣama-viṣayāraṇya- saraṇau
 
mama bhrāmam bhrāmam
mama bhrāmaṃ bhrāmaṃ vigalita-virāmamṃ jaḍamateḥ,
pariśrāntasyāyaṃ taraṇi-tanayā-tīra-nilayaḥ
samantāt santāpaṃ harir-nava-tamālas tirayatu.
pariśrāntasyāym taraṇi-tanayātīra-nilayaḥ
 
samantāt santāpam harir-nava-tamālas tirayatu.

 
अपारे संसारे विषम-विषयारण्यसरणौ
 

मम भ्रामं भ्रामं विगलितविरामं जडमतेः ।

परिश्रान्तस्यायं तरणि-तनया- तीर-निलयः

समन्तात् सन्तापं हरिर्नवतमालस्तिरयतु ॥
 

 
In this boundless world with tracts through vicious earthly enjoyment

Where I myself, the stupid one, tired, roamed about persistent.

Sheltered on the bank of Kaālindī, as if, a tamāla tree
 
105
 

May God Hari alround from sufferin<flag>alround</flag> from sufferings make me entirely free.
 

 
In both the examples, the non-referent has assumed the quali-

ties of the referent. The object of comparison has been superim-

posed on the object of discussion and such commutation happenes

through the exchange of one's qualities to other.
 

 
Definitions
 

 
आरोप्यमाणस्य प्रकृतोपयोगित्वे परिणामः । अ. स. १७

 
परिणामोऽनयोर्यस्मिन्नभेद: पर्यवस्यति । च. ५.२२
 
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN