Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric /117

Upamā: Simile
 
Bharata mentions only five varieties:

(a) Simile with eulogy (praśamṃsā),

(b) Simile with censure (nindā),
 

(bc)
 
Simile based on pure imagination (c)
 
(d) based on total resemblance (sadrsikalpitā),
 
Simile based on pure imagination
(d) based on total resemblance (sadṛśī),
(e) based on partial resemblance (kalpitāiñchit sadṛśī),
 
names:
 
(e) based on partial resemblance (kinchit sadṛsi).
 
.
 
Bharata admits that there are also may other varieties which

may be found from the usages of the poets.
 

 
Daṇḍin refers to twenty four classes of Upamā by the following
 

names:
a. dharma-upamā: Qualitative Simile

b. vastu-upama : Objective Simile

c. viparyāsa-upamā: Reverse simile

d. anyonya-upamā: Reciprocal Simile

e. niyama-upamā: Regular Simile

f. aniyama-upama: Irregular Simile

g. samucchaya-upamăā: Cluster Simile
 

h. atiśaya-upamā: Hyperbolic Simile
 

i. utprekṣā-upamăā: Fanciful Simile
 

j. adbhuta-upamā: Strange Simile
 

k. moha-upamãā: Illusive Simile
 

1. sleșṣa-upamā: Paronomastic Simile
 
m. samāna-upamă
m. samāna-upamā: Equal Simile
 

n. nindā-upamā: Censure Simile
 

o. Prasamsă-upamãṃsā-upamā: Eulogistic Simile
 
p. virodha-upamã
p. virodha-upamā: Contrast Simile
 

q. pratiṣedha-upamā: Negative Simile
 

r. cātu-upamā: Light Simile
 

s. tattvākhyāpana-upamā: philosophical Simile
 

t. bahu-upamā: Multiple Simile
 

u. vikriyā-upamā: Reactive Simile
 
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61
 
Original from
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN