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58
A Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric
sanniva (as it were), samkāśa (alike), saprabha or salakṣma (equal),
sama (like), sammita, (equal in form or appearance), samvādi or
anuvādī (imitating), sajātīya (same), pratirupaka (same in physical
appearance), pratibimba (reflection) upama (similar), upamita
(compared), kalpa, desiya, desya, prakhya, tulya (equal) etc.
verbs: hasati (smiles), nindati (censures) jayati (vanquishes),
dhatte (holds), dvești, druhyati (envies) pratigarjati (rebukes),
ākrośati (envies) avajānāti (dislikes), kadarthayati (defiles, distorts),
tatpadam dhatte (assumes the same state), tasya anukaroti (imitates).
tulām anubadhaāti, adhirohati (resembles) tat nişedhayati (forbids),
käntim vilumpati (assumes the beauty of another), saubhagyam
puṣṇāti (holds the fortune of another), kakṣam vigāhate (holds the
same position), suffixes: kyac, kyam, kvip, ṇamul etc.
Now we can exhibit how a simile turns to another figure
through slight change:
eg 1.
mukham candra iva sobhate
मुखं चन्द्र इव शोभते
The face shines like the moon. (Upamā: Simile)
2. mukha-candraḥ śobhate
मुखचन्द्रः शोभते
The moon-face shines. (Rūpaka: Metaphor)
3. mukham iva candraḥ
मुखमिव चन्द्रः ।
The moon is like the face. (Pratipa: Reverse Simile),
4. candra iva mukham mukham iva candraḥ
चन्द्र इव मुखम्, मुखमिव चन्द्रः ।
The face shines like the moon, the moon shines like
the face. (Upameyopamā: Chain Simile),
5. mukham mukham iva candraś candra iva.
मुखं मुखमिव चन्द्रश्चन्द्र इव ।
The face is like the face, the moon is like the moon.
(Ananvaya: Self Simile)
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
A Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric
sanniva (as it were), samkāśa (alike), saprabha or salakṣma (equal),
sama (like), sammita, (equal in form or appearance), samvādi or
anuvādī (imitating), sajātīya (same), pratirupaka (same in physical
appearance), pratibimba (reflection) upama (similar), upamita
(compared), kalpa, desiya, desya, prakhya, tulya (equal) etc.
verbs: hasati (smiles), nindati (censures) jayati (vanquishes),
dhatte (holds), dvești, druhyati (envies) pratigarjati (rebukes),
ākrośati (envies) avajānāti (dislikes), kadarthayati (defiles, distorts),
tatpadam dhatte (assumes the same state), tasya anukaroti (imitates).
tulām anubadhaāti, adhirohati (resembles) tat nişedhayati (forbids),
käntim vilumpati (assumes the beauty of another), saubhagyam
puṣṇāti (holds the fortune of another), kakṣam vigāhate (holds the
same position), suffixes: kyac, kyam, kvip, ṇamul etc.
Now we can exhibit how a simile turns to another figure
through slight change:
eg 1.
mukham candra iva sobhate
मुखं चन्द्र इव शोभते
The face shines like the moon. (Upamā: Simile)
2. mukha-candraḥ śobhate
मुखचन्द्रः शोभते
The moon-face shines. (Rūpaka: Metaphor)
3. mukham iva candraḥ
मुखमिव चन्द्रः ।
The moon is like the face. (Pratipa: Reverse Simile),
4. candra iva mukham mukham iva candraḥ
चन्द्र इव मुखम्, मुखमिव चन्द्रः ।
The face shines like the moon, the moon shines like
the face. (Upameyopamā: Chain Simile),
5. mukham mukham iva candraś candra iva.
मुखं मुखमिव चन्द्रश्चन्द्र इव ।
The face is like the face, the moon is like the moon.
(Ananvaya: Self Simile)
Digitized by
Original from
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN