Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric /114

58
 
A Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric
 
sanniva (as it were), samkāśa (alike), saprabha or salakṣma (equal),

sama (like), sammita, (equal in form or appearance), samṃvādi or

anuvādī (imitating), sajātīya (same), pratirupaka (same in physical
ūpaka (same in physical
appearance), pratibimṃba (reflection) upama (similar), upamita
(compared), kalpa, desiya, desā (similar), upamita
(compared), kalpa, deśiya, deśya, prakhya, tulya (equal) etc.
 

 
verbs: hasati (smiles), nindati (censures) jayati (vanquishes),
dhatte (holds), dveșt
dhatte (holds), dveṣṭi, druhyati (envies) pratigarjati (rebukes),

ākrośati (envies) avajānāti (dislikes), kadarthayati (defiles, distorts),
tatpadam dhatte (assumes the same state), tasya anukaroti (imitates).

tatpadaṃ dhatte (assumes the same state), tasya anukaroti (imitates),
tulām anubadhaāti, adhirohati (resembles) tat nişṣedhayati (forbids),
käntim
kāntiṃ vilumpati (assumes the beauty of another), saubhaāgyam
ṃ
puṣṇāti (holds the fortune of another), kakṣamṃ vigāhate (holds the

same position), suffixes: kyac, kyamṃ, kvip, ṇamul etc.
 

 
Now we can exhibit how a simile turns to another figure

through slight change:
 

 
eg 1.
 
mukham candra iva s mukhaṃ candra iva śobhate
 

 
मुखं चन्द्र इव शोभते
 

 
The face shines like the moon. (Upamā: Simile)
 

 
2. mukha-candraḥ śobhate
 

 
मुखचन्द्रः शोभते
 

 
The moon-face shines. (Rūpaka: Metaphor)
 

 
3. mukhamṃ iva candraḥ
 

 
मुखमिव चन्द्रः ।
 

 
The moon is like the face. (Pratiīpa: Reverse Simile),
 

 
4. candra iva mukham mukhamṃ mukhaṃ iva candraḥ
 

 
चन्द्र इव मुखम्, मुखमिव चन्द्रः ।
 

 
The face shines like the moon, the moon shines like
 

 
the face. (Upameyopamā: Chain Simile),
 

 
5. mukhamṃ mukham iva candraś candra iva.
 

 
मुखं मुखमिव चन्द्रश्चन्द्र इव ।
 

 
The face is like the face, the moon is like the moon.
 

 
(Ananvaya: Self Simile)
 
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN