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52
A Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric
3G17
Udattam: The Exalted :
ud ātta (ā √dā ta <kta) literally means elevated, lofty, exalted, noble, high,
sublime, dignified etc. As a figure of speech Udätta is the statement of
noble qualities of things or sublime virtues of dignified personalities.
It has basic difference with Svabhāvokti (Natural Description) and
Bhavika (Vision). Statement of the natural qualities or fundamental
aspects or basic virtues of things is the underlying principle of these
three figures, but the difference lies on the following points:
(i) Svabhāvokti is a statement of the natural but attractive
qualities,
(ii) Bhavika is a statement of unreal but noble qualities, and
(iii) Udātta is a statement of imaginary as well as exalted qualities.
In the present figure, noble qualities or sublime virtues are
represented through poetic images and never purely normal or
natural qualities of anything. According to Rudrata's list Udātta
should be included in Avasara (Opportune), but in the Bhattikāya
such a figure is named Udāra. Hemacandra takes it as a variety
of Atisayokti (Hyperbole) or Svabhāvokti (Natural Description). Bhoja
acknowledges it as a specific quality of word and meaning while
Dandin, Bhamaha and others treat it both as guna (poetic excel-
lence of word or meaning) as well as alamkāra (figure of sense).
eg 1.
avirbhūto jagati suṣamārupo bhautike'smin
jñānātmāsu lasati bhagavān viștape mānasiye.
prāṇānām vā jualati bhuvane prasphutaḥ śaktimūrtyā
premadvārā prakṭita-tanur bhāsate caityaloke.
आविर्भूतो जगति सुषमारूपो भौतिकेऽस्मिन्
ज्ञानात्मासु लसति भगवान् विष्टपे मानसीये ।
çıvıai aı vacıfa yad grey2: vifronyruf
प्रेमद्वारा प्रकटिततनुर्भासते चैत्यलोके ॥
Of the elemental world God appeared as the harmony all things,
In the realm of psyche, the Lord manifests as knowledge incarnate,
He shines forth as the spirit in the world of living beings,
In consciousness, he expresses himself as Love aggregate.
In this poem, the unique qualities and subline virtues of God
have been exalted by the poet.
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Digitized by
Original from
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
A Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric
3G17
Udattam: The Exalted :
ud ātta (ā √dā ta <kta) literally means elevated, lofty, exalted, noble, high,
sublime, dignified etc. As a figure of speech Udätta is the statement of
noble qualities of things or sublime virtues of dignified personalities.
It has basic difference with Svabhāvokti (Natural Description) and
Bhavika (Vision). Statement of the natural qualities or fundamental
aspects or basic virtues of things is the underlying principle of these
three figures, but the difference lies on the following points:
(i) Svabhāvokti is a statement of the natural but attractive
qualities,
(ii) Bhavika is a statement of unreal but noble qualities, and
(iii) Udātta is a statement of imaginary as well as exalted qualities.
In the present figure, noble qualities or sublime virtues are
represented through poetic images and never purely normal or
natural qualities of anything. According to Rudrata's list Udātta
should be included in Avasara (Opportune), but in the Bhattikāya
such a figure is named Udāra. Hemacandra takes it as a variety
of Atisayokti (Hyperbole) or Svabhāvokti (Natural Description). Bhoja
acknowledges it as a specific quality of word and meaning while
Dandin, Bhamaha and others treat it both as guna (poetic excel-
lence of word or meaning) as well as alamkāra (figure of sense).
eg 1.
avirbhūto jagati suṣamārupo bhautike'smin
jñānātmāsu lasati bhagavān viștape mānasiye.
prāṇānām vā jualati bhuvane prasphutaḥ śaktimūrtyā
premadvārā prakṭita-tanur bhāsate caityaloke.
आविर्भूतो जगति सुषमारूपो भौतिकेऽस्मिन्
ज्ञानात्मासु लसति भगवान् विष्टपे मानसीये ।
çıvıai aı vacıfa yad grey2: vifronyruf
प्रेमद्वारा प्रकटिततनुर्भासते चैत्यलोके ॥
Of the elemental world God appeared as the harmony all things,
In the realm of psyche, the Lord manifests as knowledge incarnate,
He shines forth as the spirit in the world of living beings,
In consciousness, he expresses himself as Love aggregate.
In this poem, the unique qualities and subline virtues of God
have been exalted by the poet.
Digitized by
Original from
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN