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moral drawn from an event or particular state nidarśană (I)
justification; a second instance to fortify the
 
first, often in the relationship from general
 
to particular and vice versa
 
(to which Ruyyaka adds) a fortiori con-
clusion
 
remark
 
response
 
praise
 
THE SYSTEM OF FIGURES
 
blame
 
negation (of fact)
 
affirmation
 
(C) Figures of suggestion (often illustrate the dhvani of the later theory)
 
deduction of a parokṣa, stated as such
 
lakṣaṇa (indicator) dhvani (thing suggested)
 
one thing
 
pretext
 
gestures
 
literal description
 
associations
 
context
 
context vibhāva
 
response
 
remark
 
blame
 
praise
 
affirmation (of another)
 
alternative or contrary
 
another
 
embarrassment
 
meaning
 
context
 
thing associated
 
mood
 
mood bhāva
 
arthantaranyasa
arthāpatti
 
anumāna
 
praśna
 
uttara
 
aprastuta-
praśamsă (III)
 
vyājastuti
 
äkşepa
 
vakrokti (1)
 
61
 
(irony)
 
paryayokta
 
leśa (1)
 
sūkṣma
 
bhāva (II)
 
avasara
 
preyas (II)
 
bhāva (I)
 
These figures would correspond in general to Rudrata's category vāstava,
with the exception of those involving an element of incongruity so great
as to associate them with his notion of hyperbole. We have preferred
structure to intention in this categorization, and restrict hyperbole to
those figures involving patterns of quality and/or substratum only.
Nevertheless, as the universe of figures is multivalent, hyperbole will
be found associated with many other categories.147 Similarly, the notion
of suggestion can be determined in any relation and particularly in that
of similitude, where the figures samāsokti, aprastutapraśamsă, etc.
manifest it. There, the pattern of definition would lead us to consider
 
147 As Dandin says (2.220) "alañīkārāntarāṇām apy ekam āhuḥ parāyaṇam । vāgi śama-
hitām uktim imām atiśayāḥvayām" ("the form of expression, called hyperbole, celebrated
by Vägisa, is considered the sole aim [viz. purport] of [many] other figures'). Bhämaha's
remarks on atiśayokti/vakrokti (2,85 ff.) probably bear on the same point.