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GLOSSARY
pāda. (2) R 3.30 (31). (3) sabhājanam samānīya sa mānī yaḥ sphutann
api sphutam na pihitam cakre hitam cakre sabhājanam (Rudraţa:
"He is haughty who, though brilliant, gathering his courtiers, does
good in the kingdom, not obviously, but covertly, evidencing pleas-
ure"). (4) The form is: AB BC CD DA. (5) In effect, this is a com-
bination of all the kinds of antâdika yamaka listed in R 3.23-30.
Cf. varša, samasta, vyasta, madhya.
cakravāla, 'circle': (1) a type of yamaka in which the last part of
each pāda is the same as the first part of the following pāda. (2)
NS 16.72 (74), AP 343.16 (alternate reading). (3) śailās [talais;
alternate reading], tathā śatrubhir āhatähatā । hataś ca bhūyas tv
anupumkhagaiḥ khagaiḥ । khagais ca sarvair yudhi samcitās citās /
citādhirūḍhā nihatās talais talaiḥ (Bharata: "Struck again and again
by the enemy arrows, true to their shafts, collected and heaped up
by birds who grasp at the death of the stricken"). (5) The example
shows a triple yamaka in each päda, but the definition does not make
this obligatory. If the reading talaiḥ is accepted, then this type is the
same as the preceding except that the scope of the repetition is
not specified (the interior of each pada is not involved).
caturvyavasita, 'determined by fours': (1) a type of yamaka in which all
four pādas are the same. (2) NŚ 16.81 (82), AP 343.17. (3) vāraṇānām
ayam eva kālo vāraṇânāmayam eva kālaḥ । vāraṇānām ayam eva kālo
vā raṇānām ayam eva kalaḥ (Bharata: "This is the season of varaṇa
flowers, the time when elephants have no diseases, when death
stalks his enemies and suggestion is of battles"). (5) Note that
minor variations in samdhi do not vitiate the identity of the yamaka.
Each päda, though phonemically identical, has a different morphemic
analysis; the first and third, which appear the same morphemically,
are assigned to different homonyms: vāraṇa (a "flower' and 'enemy").
This is the same as pankti yamaka.
duşkara, 'difficult': (1) a yamaka involving greater limitation on occurrence
and scope than is usual. (2) D 3.38 ff. (3) (4) See, for example,
mahāyamaka. See also under citra.
pañkti, "series': (1) same as caturvyavasita. (2) R 3.10 (12).
parivṛtti, 'exchange': (1) a type of yamaka in which the fourth pada
repeats the first and the third repeats the second; this is, in effect,
a combination of avṛti and garbha yamakas. (2) R 3.13 (14). (3)
mudā ratâsau ramaṇī yatā yam smarasy ado'lam kurutena voḍhā ।
smarasyado'lamkurute'navodhām udāratâsau ramaṇiyatāyām (Rudra-
ta: "The girl whom you have married is devoted to you from pleasure
GLOSSARY
pāda. (2) R 3.30 (31). (3) sabhājanam samānīya sa mānī yaḥ sphutann
api sphutam na pihitam cakre hitam cakre sabhājanam (Rudraţa:
"He is haughty who, though brilliant, gathering his courtiers, does
good in the kingdom, not obviously, but covertly, evidencing pleas-
ure"). (4) The form is: AB BC CD DA. (5) In effect, this is a com-
bination of all the kinds of antâdika yamaka listed in R 3.23-30.
Cf. varša, samasta, vyasta, madhya.
cakravāla, 'circle': (1) a type of yamaka in which the last part of
each pāda is the same as the first part of the following pāda. (2)
NS 16.72 (74), AP 343.16 (alternate reading). (3) śailās [talais;
alternate reading], tathā śatrubhir āhatähatā । hataś ca bhūyas tv
anupumkhagaiḥ khagaiḥ । khagais ca sarvair yudhi samcitās citās /
citādhirūḍhā nihatās talais talaiḥ (Bharata: "Struck again and again
by the enemy arrows, true to their shafts, collected and heaped up
by birds who grasp at the death of the stricken"). (5) The example
shows a triple yamaka in each päda, but the definition does not make
this obligatory. If the reading talaiḥ is accepted, then this type is the
same as the preceding except that the scope of the repetition is
not specified (the interior of each pada is not involved).
caturvyavasita, 'determined by fours': (1) a type of yamaka in which all
four pādas are the same. (2) NŚ 16.81 (82), AP 343.17. (3) vāraṇānām
ayam eva kālo vāraṇânāmayam eva kālaḥ । vāraṇānām ayam eva kālo
vā raṇānām ayam eva kalaḥ (Bharata: "This is the season of varaṇa
flowers, the time when elephants have no diseases, when death
stalks his enemies and suggestion is of battles"). (5) Note that
minor variations in samdhi do not vitiate the identity of the yamaka.
Each päda, though phonemically identical, has a different morphemic
analysis; the first and third, which appear the same morphemically,
are assigned to different homonyms: vāraṇa (a "flower' and 'enemy").
This is the same as pankti yamaka.
duşkara, 'difficult': (1) a yamaka involving greater limitation on occurrence
and scope than is usual. (2) D 3.38 ff. (3) (4) See, for example,
mahāyamaka. See also under citra.
pañkti, "series': (1) same as caturvyavasita. (2) R 3.10 (12).
parivṛtti, 'exchange': (1) a type of yamaka in which the fourth pada
repeats the first and the third repeats the second; this is, in effect,
a combination of avṛti and garbha yamakas. (2) R 3.13 (14). (3)
mudā ratâsau ramaṇī yatā yam smarasy ado'lam kurutena voḍhā ।
smarasyado'lamkurute'navodhām udāratâsau ramaṇiyatāyām (Rudra-
ta: "The girl whom you have married is devoted to you from pleasure