2023-03-29 18:10:18 by ambuda-bot
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GLOSSARY
teristic elements of every simile, whether explicit or not, are (a)
the subject of comparison (upameya: "houses"), (b) the object of
comparison (upamāna: "blocks of coal"), (c) the common property
(sādhāraṇadharma: "glittering ..."), and (d) the comparative particle
(dyotaka: "like"). Cf. lupta and the various terms mentioned for
examples of ellipsis. See upamă for the problem of translation,
and the appropriate terms for a discussion of their meaning and
context. Pūrna is described by Rudrata, but not named.
prativastu, 'counterpart': (1) example; an upama in which the object of
comparison is introduced as the subject of another situation which
manifests the relevant common property and in which the comparative
particle is absent. (2) B 2.34-35 (36), D 2.46 (47). (3) naîko'pi
tvādṛśo'dyāpi jāyamāneṣu rājasu । nanu dvitīyo nâsty eva pārijātasya
pādapaḥ (Daṇḍin: "There is not even one who resembles you among
the victorious kings; but then, the coral tree has no imitator either").
(4) "Follow a shadow, it still flies you; / Seem to fly it, it will pursue:
/ So court a mistress, she denies you; / Let her alone, she will court
you. Say, are not women, truly, then, / Styled but the shadows
of us men?" (Ben Jonson). (5) Prativastu is considered by others
to be a separate figure, perhaps because the comparative particle is
necessarily absent. In this it differs from vakyártha upama.
pratişedha, 'prohibition': (1) an upama in which certain flaws of the object
are said to vitiate the comparison. (2) D 2.34. (3) na jātu śaktir indos
te mukhena pratigar jitum kalańkino jaḍasya (Daṇḍin: "Indeed
the moon cannot rival your face; mark its cold and blemished air").
(4) "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? / ... Rough winds do
shake the darling buds of May, / And summer's lease hath all too
short a date" (Shakespeare). (5) This figure differs from nindā in that
here the mood is the indicative rather than the "optative". In
vyatireka, the virtue of the subject, rather than the vice of the object,
is usually alleged as prohibition.
pratyaya, "suffix': (1) an upamā in which the force of the comparison is
rendered by a verbal suffix. (2) R 8.23 (24). (5) Pratyaya is considered
by Rudrata to be an ellipsis of the comparative particle. Cf. dyotaka-
lupta. The same as ācāra.
prasamsā, 'praise': (1) un upamā whose intention is to appreciate or
praise, that is, whose upamāna is mejorative. (2) N$ 16.46 (47),
B 2.37, D 2.31, AP 344.21. (3) brahmaṇo'py udbhavaḥ padmas
candraḥ śambhuśirodhṛtaḥ । tau tulyau tvanmukhena (Daṇḍin: "The
lotus is born of Brahman, the moon is fixed on the brow of Siva;
GLOSSARY
teristic elements of every simile, whether explicit or not, are (a)
the subject of comparison (upameya: "houses"), (b) the object of
comparison (upamāna: "blocks of coal"), (c) the common property
(sādhāraṇadharma: "glittering ..."), and (d) the comparative particle
(dyotaka: "like"). Cf. lupta and the various terms mentioned for
examples of ellipsis. See upamă for the problem of translation,
and the appropriate terms for a discussion of their meaning and
context. Pūrna is described by Rudrata, but not named.
prativastu, 'counterpart': (1) example; an upama in which the object of
comparison is introduced as the subject of another situation which
manifests the relevant common property and in which the comparative
particle is absent. (2) B 2.34-35 (36), D 2.46 (47). (3) naîko'pi
tvādṛśo'dyāpi jāyamāneṣu rājasu । nanu dvitīyo nâsty eva pārijātasya
pādapaḥ (Daṇḍin: "There is not even one who resembles you among
the victorious kings; but then, the coral tree has no imitator either").
(4) "Follow a shadow, it still flies you; / Seem to fly it, it will pursue:
/ So court a mistress, she denies you; / Let her alone, she will court
you. Say, are not women, truly, then, / Styled but the shadows
of us men?" (Ben Jonson). (5) Prativastu is considered by others
to be a separate figure, perhaps because the comparative particle is
necessarily absent. In this it differs from vakyártha upama.
pratişedha, 'prohibition': (1) an upama in which certain flaws of the object
are said to vitiate the comparison. (2) D 2.34. (3) na jātu śaktir indos
te mukhena pratigar jitum kalańkino jaḍasya (Daṇḍin: "Indeed
the moon cannot rival your face; mark its cold and blemished air").
(4) "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? / ... Rough winds do
shake the darling buds of May, / And summer's lease hath all too
short a date" (Shakespeare). (5) This figure differs from nindā in that
here the mood is the indicative rather than the "optative". In
vyatireka, the virtue of the subject, rather than the vice of the object,
is usually alleged as prohibition.
pratyaya, "suffix': (1) an upamā in which the force of the comparison is
rendered by a verbal suffix. (2) R 8.23 (24). (5) Pratyaya is considered
by Rudrata to be an ellipsis of the comparative particle. Cf. dyotaka-
lupta. The same as ācāra.
prasamsā, 'praise': (1) un upamā whose intention is to appreciate or
praise, that is, whose upamāna is mejorative. (2) N$ 16.46 (47),
B 2.37, D 2.31, AP 344.21. (3) brahmaṇo'py udbhavaḥ padmas
candraḥ śambhuśirodhṛtaḥ । tau tulyau tvanmukhena (Daṇḍin: "The
lotus is born of Brahman, the moon is fixed on the brow of Siva;