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Glossary of Indian Figures of Speech / 102 Image 102 of 348 (Page 102)

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tion. This figure is not named by Daṇḍin, but by the commentator;
however, it evidently pairs with samśaya and is encompassed by the
"ādi" ('etc.') in 2.216.

kāryakāraṇapaurvâparyaviparyaya, 'inversion of the sequential relation-
ship of cause and effect': (1) a type of atiśayôkti in which the exag-
geration of a quality or attribute is accomplished by expressing it as
the cause of that which in the order of nature is its cause. (2)
U 2.13, M 153. (3) manye ca nipatanty asyāḥ kațâkṣā dikṣu prṣthataḥ/
prāyeṇâgre tu gacchanti smarabāṇaparamparāḥ (Udbhata; usually
the girl's love-lorn glances are the cause of Cupid's shooting the
bow; here Cupid beats Umā to the punch-thus expressing, accord-
ing to the commentary, how quickly Śiva took the tumble: "I
think that first the arrows of the Love-God were shot, next her
sidelong glances were scattered in the four directions"). (4) "Was
it for this that I might Myra see / Washing the water with her beauties
white?" (Fulke Greville). (5) Pūrva alamkāra differs from the present
case in two respects: There the inversion of the sequential relation-
ship is not subordinated to any other consideration, such as the
exaggeration of a quality, and temporal inversion is expressed
generally, not limited to the one case of cause-effect (not everything
which precedes is a cause).

nānātva, 'variety": (1) a type of atiśayôkti in which a quality or attribute
is exaggerated by considering it multiple, though it is in fact one.
(2) U 2.12, M 153. (3) acintayac ca bhagavan aho nu ramaṇīyatā
tapasâsyāḥ kṛtânyatvam kaumārād yena lakṣyate (Udbhaṭa: "The
Lord thought: 'Ay, such loveliness comes from her penance, yet how
different is the beauty from that of her youth!""). (4) "Any customer
can have a car painted any color that he wants so long as it is black"
(Henry Ford; a many-sided blackness). (5) The present instance
differs from vyatireka alamkāra in two respects: The differentiation
attaches to a single quality of a single subject, not to a common
quality of two subjects; hence, the element of comparison is lacking.
Compare adhyavasāna, or ananyatva, where two qualities are con-
sidered uniform.

nirṇaya, 'conclusion': (1) a type of samśaya atiśayôkti in which the affected
doubt is resolved. (2) D 2.218. (3) nirṇetum śakyam astîti madhyam
tava nitambini/anyathânupapattyaiva payodharabharasthiteḥ (Daṇḍin:
"One can decide that your waist indeed is there, O lovely, for not
otherwise could the weight of your breasts be supported"). (4) "As
Nature H-y's Clay was blending, / Uncertain what her work should

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