2023-02-23 18:48:20 by ambuda-bot
This page has not been fully proofread.
18
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
of Jainism, who died, according to tradition, about 527 B.C.¹
On the other hand, in support of a later date is the evidence set
forth in the page just preceding, and the fact that the Bhak-
tāmarastotra, Manatunga's work, is written in Sanskrit, although,
as pointed out by Jacobi,2 early Jain writings are for the most
part written in the Māhārāṣṭri Prakrit, and not till after 1000
A.D. did the Jains generally adopt Sanskrit as their literary lan-
guage. This would argue, though not absolutely conclusively,
against the Bhaktämarastotra's being an early work. On the
whole, the evidence for making Mänatunga a contemporary of
Bāṇa and Mayūra seems to me to be the weakest, being supplied
to us, as it is, from this quasi fairy tale of the Jains and from
the apparently self-contradictory passage in the Tapāgacha
paṭṭavali. Until more evidence is forthcoming, I am inclined to
give most credence to the sthiravalis that were examined by Bhāu
Dājī (see above, p. 16, note 2), and I would therefore place
Manatunga, tentatively, in the third century A.D., even though
Max Müller says that this date 'is systematic rather than
historical."
The Jaina tale first found in the Prabhāvakacaritra. Accord-
ing to the paṭṭavali" of the Tapagacha sect of the Jains, and to
1 See Vincent A. Smith, Early History of India, p. 46, 3d ed., Oxford,
1914.
H. Jacobi, Kalpasūtra of Bhadrabahu, introd., p. 20, Leipzig, 1879.
It may be noted that Jacobi, when editing the Bhaktamarastotra, with
transliteration and German translation, was unable to determine Mäna-
tunga's date; cf. Indische Studien, vol. 14 (1876), p. 360–361. It has not
escaped my attention that Peterson, Search for Sanskrit MSS, Fourth
Report, introd., p. 92-93, lists two Jaina Mänatungas. The latter of them,
however, lived about 1200 A.D.
*Max Müller, India: What Can It Teach Us?, p. 338, London, 1883.
5 This pattavat is given in part by Klatt, in IA, vol. 11 (182), p. 251-
256. See especially p. 252-253, where Mänatunga is named as the 20th
in descent from Mahāvīra among the hierarchs of the Jain persuasion.
The pattaval of the Kharatara sect is given by Weber, Verzeichniss der
Sanskrit HSS zu Berlin, Bd. 2, Abth. 3, S. 1034, and by Klatt, in 1A, vol.
II, p. 245-250. It makes Mänatunga the 23d, instead of the 20th, in
descent from Mahavira. In this connection see also Müller, India: What
Can It Teach Ust, p. 337-338.
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
of Jainism, who died, according to tradition, about 527 B.C.¹
On the other hand, in support of a later date is the evidence set
forth in the page just preceding, and the fact that the Bhak-
tāmarastotra, Manatunga's work, is written in Sanskrit, although,
as pointed out by Jacobi,2 early Jain writings are for the most
part written in the Māhārāṣṭri Prakrit, and not till after 1000
A.D. did the Jains generally adopt Sanskrit as their literary lan-
guage. This would argue, though not absolutely conclusively,
against the Bhaktämarastotra's being an early work. On the
whole, the evidence for making Mänatunga a contemporary of
Bāṇa and Mayūra seems to me to be the weakest, being supplied
to us, as it is, from this quasi fairy tale of the Jains and from
the apparently self-contradictory passage in the Tapāgacha
paṭṭavali. Until more evidence is forthcoming, I am inclined to
give most credence to the sthiravalis that were examined by Bhāu
Dājī (see above, p. 16, note 2), and I would therefore place
Manatunga, tentatively, in the third century A.D., even though
Max Müller says that this date 'is systematic rather than
historical."
The Jaina tale first found in the Prabhāvakacaritra. Accord-
ing to the paṭṭavali" of the Tapagacha sect of the Jains, and to
1 See Vincent A. Smith, Early History of India, p. 46, 3d ed., Oxford,
1914.
H. Jacobi, Kalpasūtra of Bhadrabahu, introd., p. 20, Leipzig, 1879.
It may be noted that Jacobi, when editing the Bhaktamarastotra, with
transliteration and German translation, was unable to determine Mäna-
tunga's date; cf. Indische Studien, vol. 14 (1876), p. 360–361. It has not
escaped my attention that Peterson, Search for Sanskrit MSS, Fourth
Report, introd., p. 92-93, lists two Jaina Mänatungas. The latter of them,
however, lived about 1200 A.D.
*Max Müller, India: What Can It Teach Us?, p. 338, London, 1883.
5 This pattavat is given in part by Klatt, in IA, vol. 11 (182), p. 251-
256. See especially p. 252-253, where Mänatunga is named as the 20th
in descent from Mahāvīra among the hierarchs of the Jain persuasion.
The pattaval of the Kharatara sect is given by Weber, Verzeichniss der
Sanskrit HSS zu Berlin, Bd. 2, Abth. 3, S. 1034, and by Klatt, in 1A, vol.
II, p. 245-250. It makes Mänatunga the 23d, instead of the 20th, in
descent from Mahavira. In this connection see also Müller, India: What
Can It Teach Ust, p. 337-338.