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INTRODUCTION
93
This Böhtlingk, in his edition of the Kavyādarśa (Leipzig, 1890),
renders as: 'Wenn bei der ausgesprochenen oder bekannten
Gleichheit zweier Dinge ihr Unterschied angegeben wird, so
nennt man dieses Vyatireka.' In stanza 21 of the Süryaśataka,
Surya, as the eye of the world, is placed in antithesis to an ordi-
nary eye, and stanza 23 notes the distinction between a lamp-wick
and Surya's splendor. In stanza 43, there is drawn, by implica-
tion, a distinction between the goddess Sri and the śri (splendor)
of Surya.
There are also found in the Süryaśataka examples of the
figure virodha,¹ 'apparent contradiction,' which consists in repre-
senting as antithetical objects which are really not so. The in-
congruity is often merely verbal, depending at times on a śleşa.
The presence of the figure is often denoted by api, 'although.'
As an example, see Süryaśataka, stanza 80, where the disk of
Sürya is placed in antithesis to the eye of Siva:-
cakşur dakşadviso yan na tu dahati puraḥ parayaty eva kamam
'[Surya's disk], which, [although it is] the eye of (Siva), Foe of Dakşa,
does not burn <Käma> [standing] before [it], but verily fulfils < desire >.'
Other examples of virodha occur in this same stanza 80, and also
in stanza 86. See the notes to those two stanzas.
So far as I have noted, only a single instance of the käkākṣi-
golakanyaya, or 'maxim of the crow's eyeball,' occurs in the
Süryaśataka-in stanza 57. This figure, to quote Apte, 'takes
its origin from the supposition that the crow has but one eye,
and that it can move it, as occasion requires, from the socket on
one side into that of the other.' It consists in allowing a word
which appears but once in a clause or sentence to be translated
twice-both times with the same meaning. It is thus different
from the śleșa, where the word that is rendered twice always
has two different meanings. In stanza 57 of the Süryaśataka,
¹ On the virodha, see Kavyaprakaśa, 10. 23 (109-110), or ed. of Jhalaki-
kara, p. 807-808; Kavyadarśa, 2. 333-339; Kävyālamkārasūtrāṇi, 43. 12;
Gray, Vasavadatta, introd., p. 18; Apte, Skt.-Engl. Dict. s.v. virodha.
2 Apte, Skt.-Engl. Dict. s.v. nyaya; a number of the popular maxims,
including the käkākşigolakanyāya, are there grouped and explained.
93
This Böhtlingk, in his edition of the Kavyādarśa (Leipzig, 1890),
renders as: 'Wenn bei der ausgesprochenen oder bekannten
Gleichheit zweier Dinge ihr Unterschied angegeben wird, so
nennt man dieses Vyatireka.' In stanza 21 of the Süryaśataka,
Surya, as the eye of the world, is placed in antithesis to an ordi-
nary eye, and stanza 23 notes the distinction between a lamp-wick
and Surya's splendor. In stanza 43, there is drawn, by implica-
tion, a distinction between the goddess Sri and the śri (splendor)
of Surya.
There are also found in the Süryaśataka examples of the
figure virodha,¹ 'apparent contradiction,' which consists in repre-
senting as antithetical objects which are really not so. The in-
congruity is often merely verbal, depending at times on a śleşa.
The presence of the figure is often denoted by api, 'although.'
As an example, see Süryaśataka, stanza 80, where the disk of
Sürya is placed in antithesis to the eye of Siva:-
cakşur dakşadviso yan na tu dahati puraḥ parayaty eva kamam
'[Surya's disk], which, [although it is] the eye of (Siva), Foe of Dakşa,
does not burn <Käma> [standing] before [it], but verily fulfils < desire >.'
Other examples of virodha occur in this same stanza 80, and also
in stanza 86. See the notes to those two stanzas.
So far as I have noted, only a single instance of the käkākṣi-
golakanyaya, or 'maxim of the crow's eyeball,' occurs in the
Süryaśataka-in stanza 57. This figure, to quote Apte, 'takes
its origin from the supposition that the crow has but one eye,
and that it can move it, as occasion requires, from the socket on
one side into that of the other.' It consists in allowing a word
which appears but once in a clause or sentence to be translated
twice-both times with the same meaning. It is thus different
from the śleșa, where the word that is rendered twice always
has two different meanings. In stanza 57 of the Süryaśataka,
¹ On the virodha, see Kavyaprakaśa, 10. 23 (109-110), or ed. of Jhalaki-
kara, p. 807-808; Kavyadarśa, 2. 333-339; Kävyālamkārasūtrāṇi, 43. 12;
Gray, Vasavadatta, introd., p. 18; Apte, Skt.-Engl. Dict. s.v. virodha.
2 Apte, Skt.-Engl. Dict. s.v. nyaya; a number of the popular maxims,
including the käkākşigolakanyāya, are there grouped and explained.