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Political Concepts in Ancient India / 195 Image 195 of 214 (Page 195)

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SAHOḌHA--The son of a woman married in a
pregnant state by another man (with or without
the knowledge of her pregnancy) is a Sahoḍha
son to the present husband of the woman.
(Manu Saṁ. IX. 173) (cf. AŚ. III.7).

SĀKṢĪ--A witness, an eye-witness.

SĀNDHIVIGRAHIKA--Minister for peace and
war. Allahabad Stone Pillar Inscription of Samudragupta (line
32) describes the author Hariseṇa as a Sāndhivigrahika. See,
D. C. Sircar, Select Inscriptions, p. 268 n. 1.
He had also 'more definite military func-
tions and often accompanied the King on cam-
paign'. Basham, The Wonder that was India, p. 100.

SĀMA--(1) The first of the four Upāyas (q.v.).
(2) It is the policy of conciliation or negotiation
used as a means of success against an enemy.
(3) According to Kauṭilya there are five kinds
of Sama, viz. Guṇasaṁkīrtana (flattery), Saṁ-
bandhopākhyāna (references to close and cor-
dial relationship), Parasparopakārasandarśana
(acknowledgement of good done to each other),
Āyatipradarśana (reference to the prospect of
certain mutual benefits), Ātmopanidhāna (sur-
render of wealth for mutual free use with the
acknowledgement of mutual non-difference).
(AŚ. II. 10).

SAMANTA--(1) A feudatory ruler. D. C. Sircar, Indian Epigraphical Glossary, p. 289. Apte,
Students' Sanskrit English Dictionary, p. 598.
(2) A neighbour. AŚ. III.8 etc.; Apte, Ibid.

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