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Political Concepts in Ancient India / 170 Image 170 of 214 (Page 170)

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VIGRAHA--(1) Hostility (the opposite of Sandhi).
(2) One of the six modes of foreign policy (see
Śāḍguṇya).
(3) It is a sort of cold war when one party re-
mains harmful to the other. Cf. apakāro vigra-
haḥ (AŚ VII.1).

VIJĪGIṢU--Aggressor, the central figure in the
circle of allied and enemy Kings as conceived
in the Maṇḍala-theory. The Kings of the
circle are determined as Ari, Mitra, Arimitra
etc.with references to this Vijīgiṣu, and all the
precepts of the theorists are offered only to
fulfil the interest of the Vijīgiṣu.

VIDYĀ--(1) Title of a traditional list of four basic
sciences, viz. Ānvīkṣikī, Trayī, Vārtā and
Daṇḍanīti. (AŚ I.1).
(2) The subjects forming the King's curriculum
of studies, taken collectively (cf. AŚ. I.5 ;
and Manu Saṁ. VII. 43).

VINIYUKTA--(1) An officer immediately below
the rank of Āyukta. Vide., D. C. Sircar, Indian Epigraphical Glossary, p. 375.
(2) May be equal to the term Viniyuktaka. (Ep.
Ind. Vol. XI. pp. 80-83).

VINDAMĀNĀ--A woman who remarries another
man after the death of the first husband. (AŚ
III.2).

VIRĀJ--(1) A king who enjoys "a higher degree of
supremacy as a King" signified by the term
Vairājya (q.v.).

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