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Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric / 52 Image 52 of 262 (Page xl)

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39. Parallelism: It is similarity of structure in a pair of series of related
words, phrases or clauses.

eg  It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task
remaining before us -- that from those honoured dead we
take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the
last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that
these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation,
under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that gov-
ernment of the people, by the people, for the people, shall
not perish from the earth. -- Abraham Linchon

40. Parenthesis: It is insertion of some verbal unit in a position that
interrupts the normal syntactical flow of the sentence.

eg  Any theory of post historical society -- our sense of being
'in history' is largly determined by the pressure of social and
political conflicts -- will have to consider the dilemma of
human motivations in the just city. -- George Steiner,
Language and Silence

41. Periphrasis or antonomasia: It is a roundabout way of speaking,
substitution of a descriptiive word or phrase for a proper name or of a
proper name for a quality associated with the name.

eg  The cup that cheers, but not inebriates (ie a cup of tea).
That orbed maiden with white fire laden (ie the moon).
-- Shelley

42. Personification or prosopopoeia: It is the attribution of per-
sonal nature or character to inanimate objects or abstract notions.

eg  O eloquent, just and mighty Death! whom none could
advise, thou hast persuaded; what none hath dared, thou
hast done; and whom all the world has flattered, thou only
hast cast out the world and despised. Thou hast drawn
together all the far-stretched greatness, all the pride, cruelty,
and ambition of man, and covered it all with these two nar-
row words, Hic jacet.

43. Polyptoton: It is repetition of words derived from the same root.

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