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Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric / 50 Image 50 of 262 (Page xxxviii)

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29. Irony or Paralipsis: It is use of a word in such a way as to con-
vey a meaning opposite to the literal meaning of the word.
The corresponding figure in Sanskrit is vakrokti.

eg  Certainly God did not make man and leave it to Aristotle
to make him rational.-- Locke

30. Isocolon: It is similarity of both structure and length (ie the
same number of words, and sometimes the same number of
syllables).

eg  His purpose was to impress the ignorant, to perplex the
dubious, and to confound the scrupulous.

31. Litotes: It is deliberate use of understatement.

eg  A rose by any other name will smell as sweet, but a crime,
if referred to by a name that is not too patently dispropor-
tionate, may lose some of its heinousness.

32. Metaphor (Greek meta phero meaning I carry beyond) It
implies close comparison between two things of unlike
nature. In Sanskrit, it is known as rūpaka ie total imposition of
one upon the other.

eg  The Lord is my rock and fortress. -- Book of Psalms

The tree of liberty grows when it is watered by the blood of
tyrants. -- Barere

33. Metonymy: (Greek meta onoma meaning change of name) It is
substitution of some attributive or suggestive word for what is
actually meant.

eg  The pen is mightier than the sword.

I have nothing to offer but blood, soil, tears, and sweat. --
Sir Winston Churchill.

All Arabia (ie the perfumes of Arabia) breaths from
yonder box. -- Pope

34. Onomatopoeia: It is the use of a word giving its sense
through the sound. In Sanskrit it is given as a variety of
anuprāsa or alliteration.

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