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Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric / 247 Image 247 of 262 (Page 191)

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exhibited as gradually stepping forward in essence or some objects
are put one after another according to their merit in a compara-
tively higher order, it is Sāra. Most of the rhetoricians accept the fol-
lowing definition: Sāra implies gradual heightening of excellence of
the things put in a proper order of sequence. But Jagannātha and
Jayaratha think that the reverse process (ie gradual degree of defi-
ciency) may also be taken as instances of Sāra. Therefore, in English
it may be termed as Climax as well as anti-Climax.

The figure Vardhamānaka defined by Śobhākara is no other than
Sāra. The figures known as Ekāvalī, Kāraṇamālā, Sāra and
Mālādīpaka bear the same basic feature that in each of them there is
a chain of things put in an order. Therefore, scholars like Jayaratha
and Jagannātha have raised the question-whether these alaṃkāras
ought to be recognised separately or not. On this problem both are
unanimous on the point that these four form a class of figures like
some other classes (such as Rūpaka and Pariṇāma).

eg 1. madhuraṃ madhu tasmācca sudhā tasyāḥ kaver vacaḥ
मधुरं मधु तस्माच्च सुधा तस्याः कवेर्वचः
Honey is sweet, sweeter than honey is nectar,
But even than that poetry is sweeter.

2. dānaṃ vittādṛtaṃ vācaḥ kīrti-dharmau tathāyuṣaḥ.
paropakaraṇaṃ kāyād asārāt sāram uddharet.
दानं वित्तादृतं वाचः / कीर्तिधर्मौ तथायुषः ।
परोपकरणं कायाद् / असारात् सारमुद्धरेत् ॥
Charity is better than wealth, truth than words of strife
So also fame and virtue better than long life;
Philanthropy better than this frame mundane.
From all worthless things the essence has to be taken.

Definitions

यत्र यथासमुदायाद्यथेकदेशं क्रमेण गुणवदिति ।
निर्धार्यते परावधि निरतिशयं तद् भवेत् सारम् ॥ रु. का. ७.९६
उत्तरोत्तरमुत्कर्षो भवेत् सारः परावधिः । का. प्र. १९०.१२३
उत्तरोत्तरमुत्कर्षः सारः । अ. स. ५६
समुदायाद् उत्कृष्टोत्कृष्टनिर्धारणं सारम् । वा. ५३

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