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Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric / 162 Image 162 of 262 (Page 106)

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तं परिणामं द्विविधं कथयन्त्यारोप्यमाणरूपतया ।
परिणमति यत्र विषयः प्रस्तुतकार्योपयोगाय ॥ ए. ८१७
आरोप्यमाणमारोपविषयात्मतया स्थितम् ।
प्रकृतस्योपयोगित्वात् परिणाम उदाहृतः । प. य ३७७
विषयात्मतयारोप्ये प्रकृतार्थोपयोगिनि ।
परिणामो भवेत् ॥ सा. १०
आरोप्यमाणस्य प्रकृतोपयोगित्वे परिणामः । चि.
परिणामः कियार्थश्चेद् विषयी विषयात्मना । कु. ६.२१
विषयी यत्र विषयात्मतयैव प्रकृते प्रकृतोपयोगी न स्वातन्त्र्येण स परिणामः । र. २

<headword>परिसंख्या</headword>

परिसंख्या Parisaṃkhyā : Exclusive Specification:

The word parisaṃkhyā (pari saṃ √khyā a<ach ā <tap) literally means
enumeration, totality, exclusion, limitation etc. Here the prefix pari
denotes exclusion, and saṃkhyā means enumeration or limitation. In
the science of rhetoric, Parisaṃkhyā is a figure where, with or with-
out query, something is positively asserted for the denial,
expressed or implied, of something similar to it.

In Mimāṃsā philosophy and Dharmaśāstras, parīsaṃkhyā is a tech-
nical term. Three terms are closely related there. These are vidhi,
niyama and parisaṃkhyā. Vidhi gives pure injunction about something,
which is not known from any other source; niyama is a rule or precept
that specifies something which would be optional in case any specific
rule is absent; parisaṃkhyā is restriction to one out of many expressly
mentioned. In Mīmāṃsā, parisaṃkhyā denotes specific exclusion or
limitation to that which is enumerated or expressly mentioned, so
that everything else is excluded. So it is ultimately opposed to vidhi
that sets some injunction or rule for the first time, and also to niyama
that gives restriction to the choice for an alternative.

In the figure Parisaṃkhyā, special mention of the thing asserted
at the exclusion of such similar things may or may not be preceded
by a question, and the thing or things to be excluded may be
explicitly stated or implied. Parisaṃkhyā as a figure gives special
charm to the diction. In Sanskrit poetry, this figure has created

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