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Handbook of Classical Sanskrit Rhetoric / 142 Image 142 of 262 (Page 86)

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subject of discussion) is represented as inferior to that which bor-
rows (ie the standard of comparison).

Tadguṇa, Milita and Sāmānya have close resemblance among
them since the difference between the referent and the non-refer-
ent is never given prominence in all of them. Still there is some dif-
ference in quality. In Milita, one object is completely overshadowed
by the other. In Sāmānya, two objects appear identical due to their
basic features or qualities. Tadguṇa is also different from Bhrānti
due to the fact that in the latter one thing is mistakenly accepted as
the other. Jagannātha says that close similarity, as we find in such
alaṃkāras, also occurs in many other figures too (for example
Rūpaka, Pariṇāma and Atiśayokti) due to the quality of non-differ-
ence (abheda) between the object of comparison and standard of
comparison; but all these have been recognised as separate
alaṃkāras from the point of view that in each case there is a special
kind of poetic charm in the expression.

eg 1. padma-rāgāyate nāsāmauktikaṃ te'dhara-tviṣā.
पद्मरागायते नासामौक्तिकं तेऽधरत्विषा ।
Like a ruby thy nose-top set with pearl shines
Through the lustre of thy reddish lips.

Here the rosy lips of the damsel compared to ruby appear too
close to be identified separately. The similitude between the two
has been so finely expressed that the lips of the young lady (ie the
upameya) and gem-set nose-top (ie the upamāna) have been closely
knit together due to their quality of redhue lustre.

Definitions

यस्मिन्नेकगुणानामर्थानां योगलक्ष्यरूपाणाम् ।
संसर्गे नानात्वं न लक्ष्यते तद्गुणः स इति ॥
असमानगुणं यस्मिन्नतिबहुलगुणेन वस्तुना वस्तु ।
संसृष्टं तद्गुणतां धत्तेऽन्यस्तद्गुणः स इति ॥ रु. का. ६.२२,२४
स्वमुत्सृज्य गुणं योगादत्युज्ज्वलगुणस्य यत् ।
वस्तु तद्गुणतामेति भण्यते स तु तद्गुणः ॥ का. प्र. १०
स्वगुणत्यागादत्युकृष्टगुणस्वीकारस्तद्गुणः । अ. स. ७३
तद्गुणः स्वगुणत्यागादन्यतः स्वगुणोदयः । च. ४.६८
अधिकगुणाङ्गीकरणं स्वगुणत्यागेन तद्गुणः कथितः। ए. ८.६५

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