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Glossary of Indian Figures of Speech / 153 Image 153 of 348 (Page 153)

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151

satisfied with that, / Satisfied if a troubled mirror show it, / Before
that brief gleam of its life is gone, / An image of its state" (William
Butler Yeats). (5) The figure is not defined by Bhamaha, who con-
siders the term otiose. Here the intention of the speaker is neither
praise nor blame (cf. prašamsā, nindā, to which ācikhyāsā stands
as third in a triad); the speaker is rather unable to decide between
the two.

GLOSSARY

ārthī, 'implied': (1) a type of pūrṇa upamā in which the similarity of
two things is inferred or indirectly expressed. (2) M 127. (3) dură-
lokaḥ sa samare nidāghâmbararatnavat (Mammața: "His aspect is
as painful to look upon as is the summer sun"). (4) "The candles'
... flames looked at me like the eyes of tigers just waking from sleep"
(Joyce Cary). (5) A subtlety is intended. A comparison, strictly
speaking, is the expression of a relation of similitude between two
things which have a property in common. But properties are
distinguished from modes of action or behavior. A comparison
based upon a like action permits only an inference as to the similitude
of the things as possessing properties. In the example, candles are
compared to eyes in virtue of their having a capacity in common-
"looked at me": the flame looked at me just as the eyes of tigers
might look at me. We may then presume that the eyes resemble
the flame as to color, size, or what have you, but this, the literal
comparison (cf. śābdī) is not made explicit. The same distinction
is involved in the definition of the väkyârtha upamā.

utpādya, 'invented': (1) an upamā in which the object of the comparison
exists only in the poet's hypothesis and exhibits a striking quality
of the subject. (2) R 8.15 (16). (3) kumudadaladīdhitīnām tvak
sambhūya cyaveta yadi tābhyaḥ । idam upamiyeta tayā sutanor asyāḥ
stanavaraṇam (Rudrața: "If skin could be imagined on the reflec-
tions of the lotus petals (in the pond), and if that skin might be
touched-there would be something that might be comparable to
the gossamer of her breasts"). (4) "The new moon behind her head,
an old helmet upon it, a diadem of accidental dewdrops round her
brow, would have been adjuncts sufficient to strike the note of
Artemis, Athena or Hera" (Thomas Hardy). (5) In adbhuta upamā,
a property is hypothetically transferred from subject to object; here
the object is hypothesized as a substratum for the property. Compare
the following rūpaka, where the basis of the identification is likewise
hypothesized: "Dr. MacBride had fixed upon me his full, mastering
eye: and it occurred to me that if they had policemen in heaven,

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